Tshawb nrhiav cov lus qhia ntawm methylene chloride: Cov Khoom Siv, Kev Siv

Methylene chloride yog dab tsi?

Methylene chloride, tseem hu ua dichhloromethane, Dcm Methylene chloride, Ch2Cl2, pob tshab dua li dej, cov kua tsis muaj zog nrog ib ether-zoo li tsw thiab qab zib.

Nyob rau hauv cov kab ke loj loj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, methylene chloride yog zoo li tus yuam sij qis tab sis tseem ceeb heev ", ua si ib qho kev lag luam irreplaces muaj ntau yam ntawm kev lag luam ntau lawm thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam teb, methylene chloride tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv txhua yam ntawm kev sib xyaw hluav taws xob tu rau cov txheej txheem loj thiab cov nplaum tsim khoom; Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem zais hauv cov mis ntawm qee tus neeg sawv cev, lossis ntsiag to ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Taw qhia rau methylene chloride

Kev taug kev ntawm kev pom:

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm methylene chloride yog zoo li keeb kwm kev tshawb nrhiav kev paub txog keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Xyoo 1840, Fabkis Chemist Rengenlt tau ua tiav kev ua tiav Metylene chloride thawj zaug los ntawm chlorinating chlorompaste raws lub hnub ci ntsa iab. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tho kev ua haujlwm qhib tshiab qhib lub qhov rooj tshiab rau kev thaj chaw ntawm Chemistry. Xyoo 1868, German Cheminist Berkin tau ua qhov tshawb pom tshiab. Nws kuj tau txais Dichhloromethane los ntawm kev txo chloroform nrog zinc hmoov thiab hydrochloric acid. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis yog txhawb nqa txoj kev npaj ntawm Dichhloromethane, tab sis kuj tau txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam "loj ntawm kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm" Niche Kev Tshawb Fawb "ntawm chav kuaj xyuas kom dav dav teb.

Cov qauv qauv molecular:

Los ntawm cov kev pom ntawm cov qauv molecular, dichloromethans yog lub compound tsim los ntawm hloov ob hydrogen atoms hauv methane molecule nrog chlorine atoms. Nws cov molecular cov duab qhia txog kev tsim tshwj xeeb tetrahedral, nrog lub plawv carbon atoms rau ob hydrogen atoms thiab ob chlorine atoms, zoo li lub nkuaj ruaj khov ". Tus qauv no txhais tau tias Dichhloromethane tsis muaj omers, thiab nws cov qauv molecular tseem muaj teeb meem los ntawm qhov twg nws tau pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias hluav taws xob atoms loj dua li cov pa roj carbon a atoms, C-pob yuav ua lub cav sib xyal. Cov xeeb ceem no muab cov tshuaj lom neeg dichhloromethane nplua nuj, ua kom nws koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom zem, tso lub hauv paus rau kev lag luam thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam tshuaj.

Cov Khoom Siv Lub Cev

Nyob rau hauv chav nyob chav tsev thiab siab, methylene chloride yog qhov tsis muaj kob, cov pob tshab. Nws yog qhov muaj zog heev. Thaum koj qhib ib lub taub ntim ntawm dichloromomethane, koj yuav tsis tshua muaj kev hnia tawm ether-zoo li tsw nrog tsw qab. Lub cev hnyav molecular ntawm dichlorometomethane yog 84.94, thiab lub qhov cub npau yog tsuas yog 39.75 degree, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav hloov mus rau hauv roj qis dua; Thiab nws taw tes melting yog -95 degree, uas txhais tau tias nws tseem tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov kua hauv ib puag ncig txias.

Qhov ntom ntawm dichhlorometeane yog 1.33g / cmlin, uas yog qhov hnyav dua li dej. Thaum sib xyaw nrog dej, nws yuav zoo li "lub pov haum tog rau hauv qab", ntsiag to nyob hauv qab dej txheej. Hais txog solubility, nws solubility hauv dej yog tsawg heev nrog dej, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lwm cov tshuaj chlorinated kuab, ethanol hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem.

Kev npaj npaj

1. Methanol Chlorination Txoj Kev:

Hauv hom no, methanol, raws li cov khoom pib, thawj undergoes lub zog roj av thiab hloov pauv mus rau hauv gaseous methanol. Tom qab, cov tshuaj methanol thiab hydrogen chloride tau sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau hauv cov pa roj kev mob, thiab cov tshuaj chlorination tau tshwm sim hauv qab ntawm cov catalyst. Cov tsim tawm chloromethanes tsis yog cov khoom kawg. Nws yuav tsum tau yauv ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo xws li ntxuav dej, Alkali ntxuav thiab sulfuric acid qhuav kom tshem tawm cov kev ua kom muaj kev tsis zoo thiab txhim kho nws cov kev coj dawb huv.

Tom qab, tom qab compression, kev ua kom lwg thiab lwm yam haujlwm, cov tshuaj chloromethane hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev tsim nyog thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ob leeg nrog chlorine ob zaug. Chloromethane thiab chlorine cuam tshuam raws cov cai tshwj xeeb los tsim Dichhloromethane thiab lwm yam tau los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Thaum kawg, los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem tom qab ua thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem dichhloromshane yog sib cais ntawm cov kev lag luam nruj me nyuam sib xyaw thiab ntau yam kev thov kev lag luam.

2. Methane thermal chlorination:

Lub tshuaj methane thermal txoj kev siv methane los ua cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub nyob rau 380-400 degree, methane thiab chlorine ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv methane molecules tau maj hloov los ntawm chlorine atoms, ua ntej tsim chloromomethane.

Qhov tsim chloromethane tseem hnov mob nrog chlorine. Nyob rau theem no, hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv chloromphalhanules yog txuas ntxiv los ntawm chlorine atoms, yog li tsim kho dichhlorometometehane
Kev sib cais ntawm kev sib cais thiab cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, xws li distillation thiab rho tawm, yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom lag luam dichloromethane uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv thov

1. Ib qho khoom plig rau lwm haiv neeg hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov kuab tshuaj:

Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob,Dichhloria yog lub npe hu ua "Tu tus Saib Xyuas Kev Tu" ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem yaj thiab tshem tawm roj, av thiab lwm cov kuab paug rau saum npoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj kev ua tau ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov hluav taws xob.

Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nws yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj yeeb zoo ib yam hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis, uas tuaj yeem muab ib puag ncig zoo rau ntau qhov kev tsim kho cov tshuaj molecules.

Hauv zaj duab xis thiab ntau lawm yas,Dichhloromethane yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb siv cov kuab tshuaj. Hauv zaj duab xis txheej, nws yog siv los zom cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yaj kiab ntau, kom cov zaj duab xis tau ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Hauv kev ua yas ua, dihloromomethane tuaj yeem pab cov ntaub ntawv raw yas ntxiv thiab ua rau lawv muaj cov khoom siv cov khoom siv ua kom yooj yim, yog li ua cov khoom siv yas nrog kev ua tau zoo.

Hauv kev lag luam txheej,Methylene chloride yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj kom kho cov viscosity ntawm txheej, ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev thov thiab tusyees npog thaum kev tsim kho. Nws tseem tuaj yeem nrawm qhov ziab nrawm ntawm cov txheej thiab txhim kho ntau dua.

Hauv kev kho cov hlau nto kev kho mob,Dichhloromethane tuaj yeem siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev tawm ntawm cov roj stains ntawm cov hlau sab, npaj rau cov txheej txheem ntxiv, thiab txhim kho cov nplaum thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau nto.

2. Txawm cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov synthic synthesis:

Nyob rau hauv cov dav dav ntawm cov organic synthesis, dichlorometharane yog cov khoom siv uas tseem ceeb heev. Raws li nws, ntau cov organic sib txuas nrog cov kev siv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua ke.

Dichhloromethane tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab zoo xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab kev lag luam muaj zog rau kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv cov synthesis ntawm kev tua tshuaj tua kab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dichhloromoob tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tua kab nrog cov tshuaj tua kab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab;

Nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj nruab nrab, dichhloromethane, raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb, tau nteg lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj thiab ntau yam tshuaj.

Raws li ib tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, dichlorometharant ua yeeb yam zoo xws li cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg, muab kev txhawb zog rau kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis.

Pebyog profetus piv txwvdichhloromethaneChaw tsim tshuaj paus, WQhov muaj txiaj ntsig los tiv tauj peb kom paub meej ntxiv!