Raws li cov nyhuv tsev cog khoom intensifies, kev hloov ntawm cov tub yees yog qhov kev sib piv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tub yees kev lag luam. Yav dhau los, cov tub yees ua lag luam tau siv cov hydrochlorofluorocarbons ("HCFCs"), HCFCs, uas ua rau ozone depletion ntau dua thiab tau npaj yuav ua kom tiav raws li Montreal Protocol. Qhov kev thov tswj ntawm HCFC tiam thib ob tau coj los ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, r22 hloov pauv kev lag luam tau tsim sai heev. Txij li thaum cov khoom hloov pauv feem ntau yog thib peb tiam HFC cov khoom lag luam hauv ib qho zoo lossis kev faib ua feem, Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm HFC tau nthuav dav sai, ua rau muaj peev xwm dhau. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm ciaj sia taus ntawm lub fittest, ntau lawm muaj peev xwm tseem nyob ruaj khov los yog txawm poob nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim ntau yam.
Txawm hais tias peb tiam HFC tsis ua rau ozone depletion, nws tus nqi gwp siab tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov. Cov cheeb tsam nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas tau txwv tsis pub siv HFCs raws li cov cai ntawm ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teb chaws tsim kho kuj tseem txwv kev txwv rau tiam thib peb thiab cov HFCs zoo sib xws. Kev siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tau raug tswj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab Tuam Tshoj tau pib lub quota system rau HFC ntau lawm hauv 2024. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias muaj kev hu xov tooj ntau ntxiv thiab ua rau cov tub yees uas tsis muaj peev xwm ozone depletion (ODP) thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntiaj teb ua kom sov. pom tseeb. Tsim cov cheeb tsam hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj kev xaiv hfo thiab nws cov khoom siv hfo thiab hloov pauv ntawm lub tub yees thiab hloov pauv ntawm lub tub yees Txawm hais tias nws cov nqi siab feem ntau cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev nce qib, qhov nrov ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb Cov kev xav tau qhov chaw coj los ntawm kev txhim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tseem muaj cov tuam txhab koom nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev xaiv thiab hloov cov tub yees hauv hiav txwv.
Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam tshuaj fluorine twb tau tso tawm patents rau HFC hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, Kemu (spun tawm ntawm DuPont), Honeywell, Daikin, thiab lwm yam yog siv zog thov rau ntau daim ntawv thov patents. R448A tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo tas los no. (R448A yog tsim los ntawm HFC-32 / HFC-125 / HFO-1234yf / HFC-134a / HFO-1234ze(E) (26/26/ 20 / 21 / 7) Kev nyab xeeb kev faib tawm A1, GWP=1273), R449A (suav ntawm R449A Rau HFC-32} / HFC-125 / HFC-134a / HFO{{19 }}yf (24. 3/24. 7 / 25. 7 / 25. 3) kev nyab xeeb kev faib tawm A1, GWP =1282), R513A, R450A, thiab lwm yam, xav tias yuav nyob rau hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws Cov khoom hloov pauv los ntawm Kev nrawm ntawm kev saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav txo qis qhov kev thov rau HFC tiam thib peb, uas yuav coj ntau lub sijhawm thiab chaw rau HFO thib plaub. Lub patent layout ntawm lub thib plaub tiam kuj yuav khaus ntau. Raws li Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj fluorine tau dhau los hauv cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj fluorine thoob ntiaj teb, Suav daim ntawv thov patent sab nraum Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas yuav nce ntxiv. Piv txwv li, Chemours Eversey Co., Ltd. thov rau R-1225ye(E), HFO-1234yf, R-32, R-125 thiab CO2 Thaum tshav kub kub hloov mus rau hloov R-410A lossis R-32 hauv tub yees, cua txias lossis cua sov tshuab.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ib puag ncig kev koom tes, txawm hais tias lub quota system rau lub thib peb tiam ntawm HFC yuav muab qhov chaw rau downstream xav tau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm siv, nyob rau hauv lub dual cuam tshuam ntawm kev nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai thiab nruj heev. Kev sib tw nyob rau hauv patent layout ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab, kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam txawv teb chaws yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev loj hlob ntawm domestic HFC kev lag luam. Lub tswv yim ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim khoom zoo tshiab yuav nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej. Lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev hloov cov tub yees.
