Ua npuas ncauj tua hluav taws tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov nplaim hluav taws ua kom zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov kua nto kom tsim tau cov dej ua npuas ncauj ua kom txheej txheej, ua kom tsis taus pa thiab txias. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua npuas dej tau muab faib ua cov tshuaj lom neeg ua npuas, huab cua ua npuas dej, fluorin ua npuas dej, dej-ua zaj duab xis ua npuas dej thiab cov nplauv yaj tau yooj yim.Nws muaj ntau cov ntawv thov ntau.
Tshuaj ua npuas ncauj extinguishing tus neeg sawv cev (MP)
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua kom lub cev ua kom zoo, feem ntau yog cov kua qaub ua kua ntsev (aluminium sulfate) thiab kua ntsev (sodium bicarbonate) sib xyaw nrog tus nqi me me ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj (cog hydrolysis protein lossis licorice hmoov), me me ntawm stabilization tus neeg sawv cev (hlau trichloride) thiab lwm yam npuas dej, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:
6NaHCO3 TenAl2 (SO4) 3 s 2Al (OH) 313Na2SO416CO2 Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua kom cov pa tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas ua nrog cov ua npuas ncauj ua npuas los tsim ntau cov npuas. Cov npuas dej yog qhov me me hauv qhov ntom ntom thiab nplaum, npog rau sab hauv qhov hluav taws kub kom ua pa.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog cov roj inert, tsis tuaj yeem siv roj.
Siv tshuaj ua npuas ncauj tua hluav taws siv tsis tau los tua cov hluav taws hauv tshuaj thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ntshai tsam tsis muaj cov kua qaub.
Taw qhia rau txhuas sulfate, lub ntsiab tivthaiv
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg yog yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej, aluminium sulfate tsis tuaj yeem yaj nyob hauv cov ntshiab sulfuric acid (tsuas yog sib koom ua ke), hauv cov tshuaj sulfuric acid thiab sulfuric acid yaj hauv dej, yog li aluminium sulfate hauv sulfuric acid solubility yog solubility ntawm aluminium sulfate hauv dej. Qhov ntsuas kub ib txwm yog tsim muaj 18 lwg dej ntawm crystalline dej, 18 dej sulfate txhuas, kev tsim khoom lag luam yog ntau tshaj 18 dej sulfate txhuas.
Aluminium sulphate muaj 51.3% ntawm cov dej uas tsis muaj dab, txawm tias 100 degrees C yuav tsis ua rau nws tus kheej (soluble hauv nws tus kheej crystalline dej). Aluminium sulfate tsis yooj yim weathered thiab poob dej crystalline, kuj ruaj khov, cua sov yuav poob dej, siab kub yuav tawg rau hauv alumina thiab sulfur oxides. Cov cua kub pib tawg rau hauv alumina, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide thiab dej nqus. Soluble hauv dej, kua qaub thiab alkalis, insoluble hauv ethanol. Cov kua aqueous yog kua qaub. Tom qab hydrolysis, aluminium hydroxide yog tsim tawm. Kev daws teeb meem sepsis rau lub sijhawm ntev tsim kom muaj alkaline aluminium sulfate. Cov khoom lag luam yog cov grey-dawb flakes, granular lossis blocky, nrog lub teeb ntsuab vim tias cov hlau tsis tshua muaj ntsev, thiab yellowing lub ntsej muag vim oxidation ntawm cov nqi qis hlau ua kom zoo dua. Qhov ntxhib yog qhov ntxeem tau zoo ntawm qhov grey-dawb nplua Crystal qauv.
Tsis muaj tshuaj lom, hmoov av tuaj yeem txhawb qhov muag.
Taw qhia rau sodium bicarbonate, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb Sodium bicarbonate, feem ntau hu ua "me me dej qab zib", "dej qab zib hmoov", "hnyav Cao", dawb zoo muaju, hauv dej tsawg dua solubility dua li sodium carbonate. Cov khib nyiab siab tshaj 50 degrees C pib maj mam decompose los tsim sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide thiab dej, 270 degrees C thaum ua tiav lawm. Sodium bicarbonate yog alkali muaj zog thiab cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj zog tom qab lub sijhawm tsis nruab nrab ntawm cov kua qaub-hom ntsev, soluble hauv dej pib ua kom muaj cov alkaline tsis muaj zog. Cov yeeb yam no feem ntau siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom noj.
Sodium bicarbonate yuav nyob hauv sodium carbonate tom qab qhov kev nqis tes ua, kev siv ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov khoom tiav lawm alkali saj. Lub luag hauj lwm thiab siv: kev lag luam ntawv ua cov ntoo thuv kua nplaum, siv quav ciab emulsion thiab lwm cov nplaim nplaum ua kom zoo nkauj, kev kho dej raws li flocculants, tab sis kuj yog ua npuas dej tua hluav taws, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam aluminium sulfate alum, aluminium dawb raw khoom, roj av decolorization, deodorant, nyoos cov ntaub ntawv rau qee yam tshuaj. Nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim ua cov gemstones dag ntxias thiab qib-qib ammonium alum.
Cov khoom lag luam nrog arsenic cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 5 mg / kg tuaj yeem siv los kho cov dej flocculants.
Pa ya ua npuas extinguishing tus neeg sawv cev (MPE)
Pa ya ua npuas yog ib qho protein ua npuas ncauj zoo li qub; nws yog ib pawg membrane zoo li cov ua npuas uas tsim tawm los ntawm qee qhov sib npaug ntawm cov npuas dej, dej, thiab huab cua uas yog kev sib xyaw nrog txhua yam. Qhov txheeb ze ntawm kev ua npuas yog 0. 11-0. 16, cov pa roj hauv cov npuas yog huab cua.
Cov kua ua npuas ncauj yog tsiaj lossis cog cov protein zoo li muaj tshuaj uas hydrolysised.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm huab cua ua npuas dej ua kom tiav cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog tias thaum nws npog sab saum npoo ntawm cov nplaim lossis cov kua ua kua nrog ib qho tuab, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov nplaim lossis nplaim taws ua kua vapor los ntawm kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw nplaim taws, kom huab cua cais tawm ntawm cov kua ua kua, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv cov nplaim hluav taws kub qhov chaw mus rau hauv cov nplaim hluav taws lossis kua ua kua.
Thaum muaj huab cua sov siab, huab cua ua npuas extinguishing tus neeg sawv cev txiav tawm cov npuas uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tau sai vim kev nthuav tawm thermal, yog li nws tsis tsim nyog siv lawv thaum kub.
Cov kua aqueous uas ua rau ua npuas dej yuav yaj tau hauv dej cawv, acetone thiab lwm cov organic solvents, ua rau cov npuas dej puas tsuaj, yog li cov huab cua ua npuas tsis tsim nyog rau cov hluav taws ntawm cov organic solvents xws li cawv, ketones, ethers, thiab tsis haum rau cov dej tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg.
